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Theories of humor
There are many ''theories of humor'' which attempt to explain what humor is, what social functions it serves, and what would be considered humorous. Among the prevailing types of theories that attempt to account for the existence of humor, there are psychological theories, the vast majority of which consider humor to be very healthy behavior; there are spiritual theories, which may—for instance—consider humor to be a gift from God; and there are also theories that consider humor to be an inexplicable mystery, very much like a mystical experience.〔Raymond Smullyan, "The Planet Without Laughter", ''This Book Needs No Title''〕 Although various classical theories of humor and laughter may be found, in contemporary academic literature, three theories of humor appear repeatedly: relief theory, superiority theory, and incongruity theory.〔Buijzen, M., Valkenburg, P. M. (2004). "Developing a Typology of Humor in Audiovisual Media". ''Media Psychology, 6'', 147–167.〕 Among current humor researchers, there is no consensus about which of these three theories of humor is most viable.〔 Proponents of each one originally claimed their theory to be capable of explaining all cases of humor;〔〔Meyer, J. C. (2000). "Humour as a double-edged sword: Four functions of humour in communication." ''Communication Theory, 10'', 310–331.〕 However, they now acknowledge that although each theory generally covers its own area of focus, many instances of humor can be explained by more than one theory.〔〔〔Berger, A. A. (1993). ''An Anatomy of Humor''. New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction Publishers.〕〔Veatch, T. C. (1998). "A Theory of Humor". ''Humor, 11'', 163–215.〕 Incongruity and superiority theories, for instance, seem to describe complementary mechanisms which together create humor.〔Vandaele, J. (2002). "Humor Mechanisms in Film Comedy: Incongruity and Superiority". ''Poetics Today, 23'', 221–249〕
==Relief theory==
Relief theory maintains that laughter is a homeostatic mechanism by which psychological tension is reduced.〔〔〔Berlyne, D. E. (1972). "Humour and its kin", in J. H. Goldstein & P. E. McGhee (Eds.), ''The Psychology of Humour'' (pp. 43–60). New York: Academic.〕 Humor may thus for example serve to facilitate relief of the tension caused by one's fears. Laughter and mirth, according to relief theory, result from this release of nervous energy.〔 Humor, according to relief theory, is used mainly to overcome sociocultural inhibitions and reveal suppressed desires. It is believed that this is the reason we laugh whilst being tickled, due to a buildup of tension as the tickler "strikes".〔〔Schaeffer, N. (1981). ''The Art of Laughter''. New York: Columbia University Press.〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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